Space debris poses a threat to both operational satellites and future space missions. Examine the problem of space debris and propose strategies for its mitigation.

Space debris, also known as 'space junk', is a growing concern for the global scientific community. It comprises defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from disintegration and collisions that orbit the Earth. This debris poses a significant threat to operational satellites and future space missions, creating a need for effective strategies to mitigate its impact. The problem of space debris is multifaceted. Firstly, it poses a direct threat to the functionality of operational satellites. These satellites, which are crucial for communication, weather monitoring, and navigation systems, can be damaged or destroyed by high-speed collisions with space debris. Secondly, the increasing volume of space debris makes space travel more hazardous. The International Space Station, for example, has had to manoeuvre several times to avoid collisions. Lastly, the presence of space debris can lead to a cascading effect, known as the Kessler Syndrome, where the density of objects in low Earth orbit is high enough that collisions could cause a cascade, each creating further debris and increasing the likelihood of further collisions. To mitigate the problem of space debris, several strategies can be proposed. Firstly, international cooperation is necessary to establish and enforce regulations on space debris creation. This could include stricter guidelines on the disposal of defunct satellites and spent rocket stages. Secondly, technological advancements can be leveraged to develop systems capable of removing existing space debris. For instance, research is currently being conducted into the use of lasers, nets, and robotic arms to capture and deorbit space debris. In conclusion, the issue of space debris is a significant challenge that requires immediate attention. Through international cooperation and technological innovation, it is possible to mitigate the risks associated with space debris and ensure the continued safe use of space for scientific exploration and communication.