Introduction to Discussion Essays

In the IELTS Writing Task 2, the Discussion Essay is one of the common essay types that candidates are required to tackle. This type of essay involves presenting a balanced view on a particular issue, discussing multiple aspects or viewpoints, and often concluding with the writer's own opinion.

Key Characteristics of Discussion Essays:

• Presentation of different views or perspectives on an issue
• Analytical thinking to weigh the pros and cons of each viewpoint
• An impartial tone throughout the main body paragraphs
• A concise and reasoned conclusion that may include the writer's opinion

Structure of a Discussion Essay

The structure of a discussion essay in IELTS follows a standard essay format with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Introduction:

1. Opening Statement: Begin by paraphrasing the essay Question to introduce the topic.
2. Purpose Statement: Clearly state the purpose of the essay, which is to discuss different views and possibly give your own stance.
3. Thesis Statement: Provide a thesis that outlines the main areas of discussion.

Body Paragraphs:

1. First Viewpoint:

   • Topic sentence stating the first viewpoint or argument.
   • Explanation and support for this viewpoint (facts, examples, statistics, etc.).
   • A brief discussion of potential counterarguments to ensure balance.

2. Second Viewpoint (and possibly Third):

   • Topic sentence stating the next viewpoint or argument.
   • Explanation and support for this viewpoint, similar to the first.
   • Address possible counterarguments or limitations to this viewpoint.

Conclusion:

1. Summary of the Main Points: Recap the main arguments discussed without introducing new information.
2. Writer's Opinion: Clearly state your opinion if the question asks for it, ensuring it logically follows from the discussion.
3. Closing Statement: End with a final thought or recommendation that reinforces your thesis.

Crafting Effective Introduction for a Discussion Essay

The introduction of a discussion essay is crucial as it sets the tone for the rest of the essay. It should be concise yet informative, outlining what the reader can expect.

Steps to Write an Introduction:

1. Paraphrasing the Question: Start by rewriting the Question in your own words, showing the examiner you understand the topic.
2. Purpose of the Essay: Mention that the essay will explore different viewpoints.
3. Outline Statement: Give a quick preview of the arguments to be discussed.

Example of Discussion Essay Introduction:

The influence of globalisation on local cultures is a subject of considerable debate. This essay will scrutinize both the positive and negative impacts of this phenomenon on local traditions before reaching a reasoned conclusion.

Developing Body Paragraphs in a Discussion Essay

The body paragraphs are the heart of the essay where the writer delves into the different perspectives on the issue. Balance and clear logical organization are critical here.

Body Paragraphs Outline and Tips:

1. Clarity in Arguments: Each paragraph should focus on one main idea or viewpoint.
2. Supporting Evidence: Use relevant examples, data, or quotes to back up the points.
3. Linking Words: Connect the ideas within and between paragraphs (e.g., ‘Furthermore’, ‘On the other hand’).

Writing a Balanced Conclusion

The conclusion wraps up the essay by succinctly summarizing the key points and, if required, providing the author's viewpoint.

Conclusion Writing Tips:

1. Restate Main Points: Briefly go over the main arguments discussed without adding new details.
2. Position: Clearly state your position if the question Questions you for it.
3. Final Statement: Offer a final thought or suggestion that encapsulates the essence of the essay.

Example of Discussion Essay Conclusion:

In conclusion, while globalisation has indeed led to the diffusion of certain universal values and habits, its impact on indigenous cultures does not necessarily translate to erosion. Provided that local communities can integrate these global influences while maintaining their unique practices, globalisation can arguably enrich rather than homogenize cultural diversity.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in a Discussion Essay

• Ignoring One Side: Not giving approximately equal weight to each viewpoint.
• Subjectivity: Failing to maintain an objective tone until the conclusion.
• New Information in Conclusion: Introducing fresh arguments in the conclusion rather than summarizing.

Final Tips for Discussion Essays

• Planning: Take time to plan your answer before you start writing.
• Practise: Regularly writing essays will improve your discussion essay skills.
• Review: Always proofread your essay to correct any grammatical errors and to ensure coherence and cohesion.

By understanding the structure, format, and techniques required for an effective discussion essay, IELTS candidates can approach this task with confidence, ultimately aiming for a high band score in the Writing component.