IELTS Writing Task 2 demands candidates to respond to a given topic in a formal, academic style of essay. One common type of essay in this task is the Problem-Solution essay. This chapter provides insights into how to recognize, plan, structure, and write a high-quality Problem-Solution essay, a vital skill for obtaining a high band score in the IELTS writing section.

Understanding the Problem-Solution Essay

Recognizing a Problem-Solution Essay Question

Problem-Solution essay Questions typically present a societal issue and ask candidates to discuss the problems associated with it and propose possible solutions. Recognizing keywords such as "problems", "solutions", "challenges", "issues", "consequences", and "how to tackle/improve/address" can help identify that an essay is of a Problem-Solution nature.

Example Question:

"Many countries are currently facing problems with urban pollution. What do you think are the main causes of this issue? What solutions can be proposed to tackle this problem?"

Essential Components of a Problem-Solution Essay

A Problem-Solution essay should include an introduction where the issue is stated clearly, body paragraphs that explore the problems and their corresponding solutions, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points and restates the urgency of solving the issue.

Planning Your Problem-Solution Essay

Before writing, it is crucial to plan the structure of your essay.

Analyzing the Essay Question

Identify the problems that need addressing and think about several practical solutions. It is also important to consider the scale of the problem and who is affected by it, as this will inform the depth of discussion required.

Brainstorming Ideas

Jot down all the problems and solutions that come to mind. Rank these ideas in terms of impact and relevance to the question to use them effectively in the essay.

Structuring Your Problem-Solution Essay

Introduction

Your introductory paragraph should set the context by paraphrasing the Question and stating the intention to discuss problems and propose solutions.

Example Introduction:

"In the modern era, urban areas are increasingly plagued by pollution. This essay will explore this phenomenon’s primary causes and suggest several practical interventions."

Body Paragraphs

Problems Paragraph

• Topic Sentence: Introduce the main problem.
• Explanation: Describe the problem in detail and explain its context.
• Example: Provide an example or evidence to illustrate the problem.

Example Problems Paragraph:

"One of the predominant issues contributing to urban pollution is the excessive reliance on fossil-fueled transport. This is demonstrated by the smog enveloping major cities, largely attributable to vehicle emissions."

Solutions Paragraph

• Topic Sentence: Introduce the suggested solution.
• Explanation: Elaborate on how the solution can address the problem.
• Example: Give an example or evidence of the solution’s effectiveness.

Example Solutions Paragraph:

"A viable solution to this could be the advancement and subsidization of public transport systems. Cities such as Copenhagen have seen significant air quality improvements by promoting cycling and other eco-friendly travel methods."

Conclusion

Sum up the main problems and solutions discussed, emphasizing the need for action and potentially mentioning further areas for investigation or the consequences of inaction.

Example Conclusion:

"In conclusion, while urban pollution remains a pressing concern due to transportation and industrial emissions, enhancing public transport infrastructure and reinforcing environmental regulations could substantially mitigate these issues. Failure to do so may result in deteriorating health standards and harm to the urban ecosystem."

Writing your Problem-Solution Essay

Clear and Concise Language

Use formal academic language. Remember that clarity and directness are key; avoid ambiguous statements and overcomplicated vocabulary.

Cohesion and Coherence

Ensure your essay flows logically from one idea to the next with cohesive devices and transition words such as "furthermore," "for instance," and "as a result."

Addressing Both Problems and Solutions

Both components need to be discussed thoroughly. Neglecting one in favor of the other can limit your score as it shows an inability to fully address the Question.

Review and Refine

After writing your essay, make time for revision. Check for grammatical errors, ensure ideas are well-developed and appropriately supported, and verify that the essay adheres to the planned structure.

Conclusion

Mastering Problem-Solution essays within IELTS Writing Task 2 requires understanding, planning, structuring, writing, and refining your approach to the Questions. By following the outlined strategies, candidates can enhance their essays and optimize their chances of achieving a high band score.